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Inflammation and oxidative stress

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGand Interleukin-8 (IL-8)

Two sources here, and they say different things: one measured lower interleukin-8 (IL-8) and one reported mixed results.

How sure anyone can be

Very low certainty, level 1 of 4

Any estimate here is very uncertain.

The most certain of the two findings here; each record carries its own.

The numbers reported

-66 percent change
% reduction in IL-8 production by live LGG vs the flagellin-stimulated group

One further source recorded only which way the numbers went, without a number.

None of these sources gave a likely range — the band the real answer probably sits in — so how precise these numbers are is still an open question here.

Two sources, newest first

We do not pick between these or average them into one number.

What we read is the published abstract, not the full paper, so a blank below may still be printed in the paper itself. A fixed rule worked this out from the source’s own fields. Nobody checked this rating by hand.

  • Mechanism study, 2008

    Very low certainty, level 1 of 4

    Live and ultraviolet-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decrease flagellin-induced interleukin-8 production in Caco-2 cells.

    J Nutr. 2008;138(11):2264-8. doi:10.3945/jn.108.093658. PMID:18936229.

    Number reported
    -66 percent change
    Which way it went
    Lower
    Likely range
    Not in the abstract
    Source’s own words
    % reduction in IL-8 production by live LGG vs the flagellin-stimulated group
    Who was studied
    In vitro human intestinal epithelium
    Compared with
    flagellin-stimulated cells without LGG (500 microg/L challenge)
    Amount taken
    100,000,000,000 colony-forming units/L LGG pretreatment
    For how long
    Not in the abstract
    Disagreement between studies
    Not in the abstract
    Kind of record
    Journal article
    How this rating was reachedstarts at Very low, 3 steps down: risk of bias, indirectness and imprecision
    1. Starts at Very low
    2. Risk of bias — already at Very low, the lowest rungthe abstract reports no risk-of-bias or quality appraisal, so study limitations cannot be ruled outNot in the abstract
    3. Indirectness — already at Very low, the lowest rungevidence is human intestinal cell line caco2, not humanReported in the abstract
    4. Imprecision — already at Very low, the lowest rungthe abstract reports no confidence interval for the estimateNot in the abstract
    5. Ends at Very low3 steps down.
    Inconsistency
    No disagreement reported, and no count of studies behind it

    Imprecision stops at the first check that applies; others may apply too.

    AI review could not confirm it — an AI agent re-read this finding against the saved source and at least one check failed. The batch record names the check and quotes the sentence that caused the doubt. No person read it.

    Read the abstract on PubMed

  • Mechanism study, 2005

    Very low certainty, level 1 of 4

    Alive and dead Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-8 production in Caco-2 cells.

    J Nutr. 2005;135(7):1752-6. doi:10.1093/jn/135.7.1752. PMID:15987860.

    Number reported
    Not in the abstract
    Which way it went
    Mixed results
    Likely range
    Not in the abstract
    Source’s own words
    IL-8 production by Caco-2 cells (magnitude not reported in the abstract)
    Who was studied
    In vitro human intestinal epithelium
    Compared with
    unstimulated and TNF-alpha-stimulated cells without LGG
    Amount taken
    10,000 to 10,000,000,000 cfu/L LGG tested range
    For how long
    Not in the abstract
    Disagreement between studies
    Not in the abstract
    Kind of record
    Journal article
    How this rating was reachedstarts at Very low, 4 steps down: risk of bias, indirectness, imprecision and inconsistency
    1. Starts at Very low
    2. Risk of bias — already at Very low, the lowest rungthe abstract reports no risk-of-bias or quality appraisal, so study limitations cannot be ruled outNot in the abstract
    3. Indirectness — already at Very low, the lowest rungevidence is human intestinal cell line caco2, not humanReported in the abstract
    4. Imprecision — already at Very low, the lowest rungthe abstract reports no confidence interval for the estimateNot in the abstract
    5. Inconsistency — already at Very low, the lowest rungpooled studies disagree on the direction of effectReported in the abstract
    6. Ends at Very low4 steps down.

    Imprecision stops at the first check that applies; others may apply too.

    AI-reviewed & signed — an AI agent re-read this finding against the saved source and checked that the quote, the numbers, the units and the direction match it. No person read it. The owner authorised the agent to sign the batch with the owner's key, and every build rechecks that signature against these exact bytes.

    Read the abstract on PubMed

What is still missing from these readings

  • One give no number at all, only which way it went.
  • Two give no likely range, so how precise those numbers are is unknown.
  • Two do not say how many people took part.
  • For how long — Not in the abstract.

Something nobody wrote down is never a zero and never a guess.

Nothing left on our list for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

All two things on our list for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG have been read. That is rare here.

Still to read means nobody here has got to it, not that it was tried and did nothing or that no research exists. A pairing on no list is not a gap: we never set out to read it.

Read next

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