Topic

Liver, kidney and digestion

Liver enzymes and liver fat, kidney filtering, and how the gut behaved.

This page is not a ranking. Ingredients appear in order of how much we have read here.

The 10 things measured here · ingredients read against each

Read here so far: 22 questions across 14 ingredients

Choline

Choline and Hepatic Fat FractionTwo sources, all measured lowerVery low certainty, level 1 of 4
Choline and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)One source, measured lowerLow certainty, level 2 of 4
Choline and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)One source, measured lowerLow certainty, level 2 of 4

Silymarin

Silymarin and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)Three sources, all measured lower, and one source carries a noticeModerate certainty, level 3 of 4
Silymarin and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)Three sources, saying different things, and one source carries a noticeModerate certainty, level 3 of 4
Silymarin and Hepatic Fat FractionTwo sources, all measured lowerVery low certainty, level 1 of 4

Creatine

Creatine and Estimated GFRTwo sources, all found no clear differenceLow certainty, level 2 of 4
Creatine and Serum creatinineTwo sources, saying different thingsLow certainty, level 2 of 4

Curcumin

Curcumin and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)One source, measured lowerModerate certainty, level 3 of 4
Curcumin and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)One source, measured lowerModerate certainty, level 3 of 4

Piperine

Piperine and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)Two sources, saying different thingsModerate certainty, level 3 of 4
Piperine and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)Two sources, all measured lowerModerate certainty, level 3 of 4

Vitamin E

Vitamin E and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)One source, measured lowerLow certainty, level 2 of 4
Vitamin E and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)One source, measured lowerLow certainty, level 2 of 4

Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)One source, measured lowerLow certainty, level 2 of 4

Copper

Copper and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)One source, found no clear differenceVery low certainty, level 1 of 4

Iron

Iron and Constipation severityOne source, measured higher, and one source carries a noticeVery low certainty, level 1 of 4

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Diarrhea durationTwo sources, all measured lowerModerate certainty, level 3 of 4

Magnesium

Magnesium and Constipation severityOne source, measured lowerLow certainty, level 2 of 4

Potassium

Potassium and Kidney Stone RiskOne source, measured lower, and one source carries a noticeLow certainty, level 2 of 4

Thiamine (vitamin B1)

Thiamine (vitamin B1) and Urine MicroalbuminOne source, measured lowerLow certainty, level 2 of 4

Zinc

Zinc and Diarrhea durationOne source, measured lowerModerate certainty, level 3 of 4

Where the sources say different things

Every side in full, because one line would have to pick one of them.

Each bar is one source’s range, drawn against the line of no difference: left of the line is lower, right is higher. Widths are not comparable between rows.

Silymarin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Three sources here, and they say different things: two measured lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and one found no clear difference.
Moderate certainty, level 3 of 4The sources say different thingsOne source carries a notice
One source’s range. The sources here say different things. Systematic review, 2024
Piperine and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Two sources here, and they say different things: one measured lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and one found no clear difference.
Moderate certainty, level 3 of 4The sources say different things
-3.88
Systematic review, 2025 · 18 studies pooled
Creatine and serum creatinine
Two sources here, and they say different things: one measured higher serum creatinine and one found no clear difference.
Low certainty, level 2 of 4The sources say different things
One source’s range. The sources here say different things. Systematic review, 2026 · 19 studies pooled

How much of this is one source

Read from 22 sources. 13 of the 22 questions here rest on a single source with nothing yet to check them against, and on 3 questions the sources say different things.

What is still to read is kept per ingredient, not per topic, so every ingredient named above carries its own list.

Still to read means nobody here has got to it, not that it was tried and did nothing or that no research exists. A pairing on no list is not a gap: we never set out to read it.

The other 14 topics

This is a library, not advice. No recommendation, no dose, no diagnosis, no ranking. We never ask about your symptoms, and nothing here is tailored to you.